Type 1 diabetes is the second most common chronic disease in children (first disease is asthma). Reported,about 13,000 new cases are diagnosed in the U.S. every year.Diabetes patients with type 1 diabetes make up about 5 percent to 10 percent of all cases of diabetes. Usually,type 1 diabetes appears in girls and boys when they are about 14 years old.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Effect from this attacks, the pancreas does not make insulin, a hormone which helps use blood sugar (glucose) for energy. The cells become starved of energy and there is an excess of glucose in the blood. People with Type 1 diabetes must have daily injections of insulin to live. Proper diet, exercise and home blood sugar monitoring are essential to manage the disease.Beside that,food and exercise must also be balanced because of the risk of hypoglycemia, low blood sugar, and hyperglycemia, high blood sugar.
Hyperglycemia and prolonged absence of insulin may lead to ketoacidosis, the accumulation of ketones in the blood when the body uses fat for energy instead of glucose. Ketones make the blood acidic and slow down all body functions. Like hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia can also lead to coma and death.
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